In a Phase 2a clinical trial in 36 subjects with chronic hepatitis C, oral aCD3 immunotherapy was safe and well-tolerated, and induced positive trends in clinical biomarkers in groups receiving oral anti-CD3 but not in the placebo group – some of these trends were statistically significant in spite of the very small group sizes. These positive effects were reduced blood levels of two enzymes that are biomarkers for liver inflammation and reduced levels of hepatitis C virus, both of which are favorable outcome for subjects with chronic hepatitis C.